Novel role of microRNAs in prostate cancer / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the novel biomarkers of microRNAs in prostate cancer.</p><p><b>DATA SOURCES</b>The literatures about microRNAs and prostate cancer cited in this review were obtained mainly from Pubmed published in English from 2004 to 2012.</p><p><b>STUDY SELECTION</b>Original articles regarding the novel role of microRNAs in prostate cancer were selected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MicroRNAs play an important role in prostate cancer such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion. Especially microRNAs correlate with prostate cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cells (CSCs), drug sensitivity, cancer microenvironment, energy metabolism, androgen independence transformation, and diagnosis prediction.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MicroRNAs are involved in various aspects of prostate cancer biology. The role of microRNA in the initiation and development of prostate cancer deserves further study.</p>

Pulmonary fibrosis induces erectile dysfunction in rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the impact of pulmonary fibrosis on erectile function in rats and its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty 12-week-old healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into Groups A (4-week pulmonary fibrosis), B (6-week pulmonary fibrosis), C (4-week control, and D (6-week control). The models of pulmonary fibrosis were established by injection of bleomycin at 5 mg/kg in the trachea, while the controls were injected with normal saline only. At 4 and 6 weeks, all the rats were subjected to determination of the serum testosterone (T) level, arterial blood gas analysis, measurement of intracavernous pressure/mean arterial pressure (ICP/MAP), and examination of NOS activity and cGMP content. The mRNA expressions of eNOS, iNOS and nNOS in the corpus cavernosum penis were detected by real-time PCR, and that of eNOS analyzed by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 3 V and 5 V of the ICP/mapx100 in Group C were 16.37 +/- 2.19 and 27.19 +/- 3.18, significantly lower than 30.78 +/- 2.66 and 50.09 +/- 6.97 in Group A (P < 0.05); those in Group D were 10.17 +/- 1.31 and 17.40 +/- 1.74, significantly lower than 31.45 +/- 3.07 and 51.23 +/- 7.23 in Group B (P < 0.05), and so were they in Group D than in C (P < 0.05). PaO2 was significantly lower in Group C than in A ([75.50 +/- 13.87] mmHg vs [103.80 +/- 6.88] mmHg, P < 0.05) , and so was it in Group D than in B ( [83.60 +/- 5.50] mmHg vs [102.70 +/- 5.77] mmHg, P < 0.05). Group C showed a significantly increased serum T level as compared with A ([391.1 +/- 264.7] ng/dl vs [175.9 +/- 53.0] ng/dl, P < 0.05), so did Group D ([745.4 +/- 408.8] ng/dl) versus Group B ([177.8 +/- 52.3] ng/dl) and C (P < 0.05). NOS activity and cGMP content in the corpus cavernosum significantly decreased in Group C ([1.50 +/- 0.14] U/mg prot and [35.69 +/- 3.64] pmol/mg) compared with A ([2.66 +/- 0.39] U/mg prot and [51.10 +/- 7.22] pmol/mg) (P < 0.05), so did they in D ([1.40 +/- 0.20] U/mg prot and [34.55 +/- 4.30] pmol/mg) versus B ([2.75 +/- 0.36] U/mg prot and [52.15 +/- 6.86] pmol/mg) (P < 0.05), but neither showed any significant difference between Groups D and C (P > 0.05). The expression of the eNOS protein was significantly lower in Group C than in A (0.79 +/- 0.01 vs 0.87 +/- 0.01, P < 0.05), so was it in D than in B and C (0.71 +/- 0.02 vs 0.88 +/- 0.01 and 0.79 +/- 0.01, P < 0.05). The expression of eNOS mRNA was significantly higher in Group C than in A (4.46 +/- 0.92 vs 2.61 +/- 0.68, P < 0.05), but did not show any significant difference between D and B (2.79 +/- 0.60 vs 2.69 +/- 0.65, P > 0.05), nor did the expressions of nNOS mRNA and iNOS mRNA between the pulmonary fibrosis groups and the controls (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pulmonary fibrosis may induce erectile dysfunction by suppressing the expression of the eNOS protein and reducing NOS activity and cGMP content in the corpus cavernosum penis of rats.</p>

Dynamic changes of serum MCP-1 and MIP-2 chemokines after renal transplantation in rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes in serum levels of chemokine MCP-1 and MIP-2 after renal transplantation in rats and the influence of Cyclosporin A (CsA) on their levels.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three groups of rats, namely untreated group, CsA group and isograft group underwent the renal transplantation, and the serum MCP-1 and MIP-2 levels of the recipients were tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The serum MCP-1 level peaked 6 hours after the operation and also in critical stages of acute rejection. The first peak of MCP-1 was postponed by the application of CsA, which did not affect the peak level (P>0.05). The second peak of MCP-1 did not occur in CsA-treated group. MIP-2 concentration also peaked at 6 h after the operation in all the groups. The second peak of MIP-2, which was lower than the first one (P<0.05), occurred 9 days after the transplantation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MCP-1 and MIP-2 in involved not only in the ischemia-reperfusion injury but also in severe acute rejection. CsA has no significant effect on serum levels of MCP-1 and MIP-2 following renal transplantation in rats.</p>

Clinical investigation of the correlation between blood concentration of lactic acid and tissue oxygenation in severely burned patients / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between blood concentration of lactic acid (LA) and tissue oxygenation in severely burned patients with shock.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-four severely burned patients admitted during early postburn stage were included in this study and were randomly divided into A (n = 18) and B (n = 16) groups. The patients in A group were resuscitated with modified anti-shock programme by which the patients' urine output was maintained roughly around 100ml per hour, while the patients in B group were treated by our traditional resuscitation formula by which the patients urine was kept at 40 ml per hour. The blood concentration of LA and usual indices (urine output, blood pressure, heart rate, and mental status) were simultaneously monitored before and 1, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 hours after resuscitation in patients of both groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The average blood LA level in patients of A group was (3.2 +/- 0.4) mmol/L within 24 hours of resuscitation, while the monitored indices remained within normal range. Nevertheless the LA level in B group was (7.4 +/- 1.6) mmol/L (P < 0.01, compared with that of A group), and hyperlactacidemia lasted for more than 72 hours while other indices were normal. (2) The mortality in B group was high (31.2%), whilst that in A-group was only 5.5% (P < 0.01). (3) There was negative correlation between blood LA and urine output and positive correlation between blood LA and heart rate.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>(1) Blood LA concentration might be taken as an immediate, sensitive, simple and useful index of tissue oxygenation of the whole body during burn shock stage. (2) It was suggested by our results that fluid resuscitation should be extended to 72 PBHs (postburn hours) with urine output over 100 ml/h, so as to ensure the quality and effects of the resuscitation of burn shock.</p>